publications

Please note that all publications below are rigorously peer-reviewed conference papers.

2026

  1. CHIWORK
    Cheap Expertise: Mapping and Challenging Industry Perspectives in the Expert Data Gig Economy
    Wolfe, Robert, and Dangol, Aayushi
    Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work 2026
    HTML PDF
  2. ICWSM
    Grok in the Wild: Characterizing the Roles and Uses of Large Language Models on Social Media
    Mei, Katelyn, Wolfe, Robert, Weber, Nicholas, and Saveski, Martin
    International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 2026
    HTML PDF
  3. IUI
    SusBench: An Online Benchmark for Evaluating Dark Pattern Susceptibility of Computer-Use Agents
    Guo, Longjie, Yuan, Chenjie, Zhong, Mingyuan, Wolfe, Robert, Zhong, Ruican, Xu, Yue, Wen, Bingbing, Shen, Hua, Wang, Lucy Lu, and Hiniker, Alexis
    ACM Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2026
    HTML PDF
  4. CHI
    Relief or Displacement? How Teachers Are Negotiating Generative AI’s Role in Their Professional Practice
    Dangol, Aayushi, Kotiyal, Smriti, Wolfe, Robert, Bowers, Alex, Vigil, Antonio, Yip, Jason, Kientz, Julie, Shahid, Suleman, Yeh, Tom, Cho, Vincent, and Davis, Katie
    ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2026
    HTML PDF
  5. IDC
    Where Does AI Leave a Footprint? Children’s Reasoning About AI’s Environmental Costs
    Dangol, Aayushi, Wolfe, Robert, Devasia, Nisha, Kiyohara, Mitsuka, Yip, Jason, and Kientz, Julie
    Interaction Design and Children 2026
    HTML PDF
  6. IDC
    Toys That Listen, Talk, and Play: Understanding Children’s Sensemaking and Interactions with AI Toys
    Dangol, Aayushi, Gupta, Meghna, Yoo, Daeun, Wolfe, Robert, Yip, Jason, Roesner, Franziska, and Kientz, Julie
    Interaction Design and Children 2026
    HTML PDF

2025

  1. AIES
    Understanding Privacy Norms Around LLM-Based Chatbots: A Contextual Integrity Perspective
    Tran, Sarah, Lu, Hongfan, Slaughter, Isaac, Herman, Bernease, Dangol, Aayushi, Fu, Yue, Chen, Lufei, Gebreyohannes, Biniyam, Howe, Bill, Hiniker, Alexis, Weber, Nicholas, and Wolfe, Robert
    AI Ethics and Society 2025
    HTML PDF
  2. AIES
    Toward Nonviolent Design: Co-Designing a Human-Centered Framework for AI-Mediated Communication
    Wolfe, Robert, Dangol, Aayushi, Kim, JaeWon, and Hiniker, Alexis
    AI Ethics and Society 2025
    HTML PDF
  3. CHI
    Building the Beloved Community: Designing Technologies for Neighborhood Safety
    Chordia, Ishita, Wolfe, Robert, Yip, Jason, and Hiniker, Alexis
    ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2025
    HTML PDF
  4. ICML
    Fragments to Facts: Partial-Information Fragment Inference from LLMs
    Rosenblatt, Lucas, Han, Bin, Wolfe, Robert, and Howe, Bill
    International Conference on Machine Learning 2025
    HTML PDF
  5. ACL Findings
    Do Language Models Mirror Human Confidence? Exploring Psychological Insights to Address Overconfidence in LLMs
    Xu, Chenjun, Wen, Bingbing, Han, Bin, Wolfe, Robert, Wang, Lucy Lu, and Howe, Bill
    Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics 2025
    HTML PDF
  6. COLM
    Can Large Language Models Integrate Spatial Data? Empirical Insights into Reasoning Strengths and Computational Weaknesses
    Han, Bin, Wolfe, Robert, Caspi, Anat, and Howe, Bill
    Conference on Language Modeling 2025
    HTML PDF
  7. CSCW
    Privacy as Social Norm: Systematically Reducing Dysfunctional Privacy Concerns on Social Media
    Kim, JaeWon, Cho, Soobin, Wolfe, Robert, Nair, Jishnu, and Hiniker, Alexis
    Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2025
    HTML PDF
  8. SOUPS
    Trust-Enabled Privacy: Social Media Designs to Support Adolescent User Boundary Regulation
    Kim, JaeWon, Wolfe, Robert, Subramanian, Ramya, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Colnago, Jessica, and Hiniker, Alexis
    Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security 2025
    HTML PDF
  9. TOCHI
    Reading AI and Reading the World: Using an Interactive AI System to Promote Children’s Understanding of AI Bias
    Dangol, Aayushi, Wolfe, Robert, Dewitt, Akeiylah, Chickadel, Ben, Kientz, Julie, and Dasgupta, Sayamindu
    ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2025
    HTML PDF
  10. IDC
    "AI just keeps guessing": Using ARC Puzzles to Help Children Identify Reasoning Errors in Generative AI
    Dangol, Aayushi, Zhao, Runhua, Wolfe, Robert, Ramanan, Trushaa, Kientz, Julie, and Yip, Jason
    Interaction Design and Children 2025
    HTML PDF
  11. IDC
    Children’s Mental Models of AI Reasoning: Implications for AI Literacy Education
    Dangol, Aayushi, Wolfe, Robert, Zhao, Runhua, Kim, JaeWon, Ramanan, Trushaa, Davis, Katie, and Kientz, Julie
    Interaction Design and Children 2025
    HTML PDF
  12. IDC
    "If anybody finds out you are in BIG TROUBLE": Understanding Children’s Hopes, Fears, and Evaluations of Generative AI
    Dangol, Aayushi, Wolfe, Robert, Yoo, Daeun, Thiruvillakkat, Arya, Chickadel, Ben, and Kientz, Julie
    Interaction Design and Children 2025
    HTML PDF
  13. ISLS
    Doors, Decisions, and Discovery: An Interactive Smart Door Lock System to Promote Children’s Understanding of AI Classification
    Dangol, Aayushi, Wolfe, Robert, Landesman, Rotem, Yip, Jason, and Kientz, Julie
    International Society of the Learning Sciences 2025
    PDF

2024

  1. ACM FAccT
    Laboratory-Scale AI: Open-Weight Models are Competitive with ChatGPT Even in Low-Resource Settings
    Wolfe, Robert, Slaughter, Isaac, Han, Bin, Wen, Bingbing, Yang, Yiwei, Rosenblatt, Lucas, Herman, Bernease, Brown, Eva, Qu, Zening, Weber, Nic, and Howe, Bill
    ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency 2024
    HTML PDF Code
  2. ACM FAccT
    The Impact and Opportunities of Generative AI in Fact-Checking
    Wolfe, Robert, and Mitra, Tanu
    ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency 2024
    HTML PDF
  3. AIES
    Representation Bias of Adolescents in AI: A Bilingual, Bicultural Study
    Wolfe, Robert, Dangol, Aayushi, Howe, Bill, and Hiniker, Alexis
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2024
    PDF
  4. AIES
    Dataset Scale and Societal Consistency Mediate Facial Impression Bias in Vision-Language AI
    Wolfe, Robert, Dangol, Aayushi, Hiniker, Alexis, and Howe, Bill
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2024
    PDF
  5. AIES
    The Implications of Open Generative Models in Human-Centered Data Science Work: A Case Study with Fact-Checking Organizations
    Wolfe, Robert, and Mitra, Tanu
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2024
    PDF
  6. AIES
    ML-EAT: A Multilevel Embedding Association Test for Interpretable and Transparent Social Science
    Wolfe, Robert, Hiniker, Alexis, and Howe, Bill
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2024
    PDF
  7. CSCW
    "Sharing, Not Showing Off": How BeReal Approaches Authentic Self-Presentation on Social Media Through Its Design
    Kim, JaeWon, Wolfe, Robert, Chordia, Ishita, Davis, Katie, and Hiniker, Alexis
    Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2024
    PDF
  8. CVPR
    Label-Efficient Group Robustness via Out-of-Distribution Concept Curation
    Yang, Yiwei, Liu, Anthony Z, Wolfe, Robert, Caliskan, Aylin, and Howe, Bill
    Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2024
    PDF
  9. ACM DIS
    Mediating Culture: Cultivating Socio-cultural Understanding of AI in Children through Participatory Design
    Dangol, Aayushi, Newman, Michele, Wolfe, Robert, Lee, Jin Ha, Kientz, Julie A, Yip, Jason, and Pitt, Caroline
    Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2024
    HTML PDF

2023

  1. ACM FAccT
    Contrastive Language-Vision AI Models Pretrained on Web-Scraped Multimodal Data Exhibit Sexual Objectification Bias
    Wolfe, Robert, Yang, Yiwei, Howe, Bill, and Caliskan, Aylin
    ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency 2023
    HTML PDF
  2. AIES
    Evaluating Biased Attitude Associations of Language Models in an Intersectional Context
    Omrani Sabbaghi, Shiva, Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2023
    HTML PDF

2022

  1. AIES
    American==White in Multimodal Language-and-Image AI
    Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2022
    HTML PDF
  2. AIES
    Gender Bias in Word Embeddings: A Comprehensive Analysis of Frequency, Syntax, and Semantics
    Caliskan, Aylin, Ajay, Pimparkar Parth, Charlesworth, Tessa, Wolfe, Robert, and Banaji, Mahzarin R.
    Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 2022
    HTML PDF
  3. ACM FAccT
    Markedness in Visual Semantic AI
    Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency 2022
    HTML PDF
  4. ACM FAccT
    Evidence for Hypodescent in Visual Semantic AI
    Wolfe, Robert, Banaji, Mahzarin R., and Caliskan, Aylin
    ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency 2022
    HTML PDF
  5. ACL
    Contrastive Visual Semantic Pretraining Magnifies the Semantics of Natural Language Representations
    Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 2022
    HTML PDF
  6. AAAI
    VAST: The Valence-Assessing Semantics Test for Contextualizing Language Models
    Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2022
    HTML PDF
  7. ICSC
    Detecting Emerging Associations and Behaviors in Regional and Diachronic Word Embeddings
    Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC) 2022
    HTML

2021

  1. EMNLP
    Low Frequency Names Exhibit Bias and Overfitting in Contextualizing Language Models
    Wolfe, Robert, and Caliskan, Aylin
    Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) 2021
    HTML PDF